Effects of Trailers in Film Campaigns

Impacts of Trailers in Film Campaigns As the primary capacity of a film trailer is to showcase the film and elevate to a scope of crowds film trailers are additionally a type of powerful workmanship and special account, they are intended to make you need to take a brief trip and see the film being appeared at the film. As film trailers do give you the free example of the film being promoted they additionally work as an apparatus to permit us to know about what movies have been discharged on film and as Lisa Kernan states, ‘Trailers are a film of (coming) attractions.’ Furthermore, this basically implies film trailers are singular occasions permitting us to likewise observe up and coming occasions later on. Film trailers license the watchers to produce assessments of their own so they can choose which movies to proceed to watch. Trailers are my picked theme for this exposition, it will concentrate on the standard highlights of the film trailers, where I will examine contextual analyses to feature the utilization of great American film strategies and consequently the investigation will respond to the inquiries, what is a film trailer? How does a film trailer make meaning? Film trailers drew out into the open the capacity they need to reconfigure a full length film story into a short true to life film. It is this factor which carries me to dissect film trailers intently. I will be intently focusing on a picked component of the broad range the promoting effort. Specifically I have decided to investigate film trailers. From Marketing I will proceed onward to film trailers, where I am going to point out the structure of film trailer, which will comprise of investigating and recognizing the standard highlights. These are its minimum necessities, the Narrative, the Genre, the Sound; they are consolidated to make a film trailer. Every one of these components will be broke down alongside a few contextual investigations to give guides to the utilization of these components. I will be searching for the utilization of altering methods to decide how they make meaning and wanted impacts, such procedures incorporate changes, kinds of shot and crossing over gadgets alongside the utilization of inscriptions. Other such methods that will be raised are the accentuation on the extraordinary selling purpose of a film and utilizing the star framework to sell the film. These procedures consequently will show how the account, the class are a portion of the guideline highlights establishing to the general plan of a film trailer. Further more into the investigation I will take a gander at sound strategies, for example, voice over portrayal, the sound track and audio cues made for the film trailers. These methods will decide the significance Sound brings to the film trailer. Generally speaking by taking a gander at these methods in various film trailers I will show how these rule highlights make impacts and show how they work and what implications they produce. When I have built up the implications of the structure of a film I will take a gander at the elements of a trailer in its expected market. I will discuss the elements of the advertising effort as an absolute system. I will extensively investigate the promoting effort to clarify its significance in the film business. Inside in showcasing I will be taking a gander at the capacities and impacts of Distribution, advancement and publicizing as the more extensive setting in which film trailers fit into. I will consider factors, for example, statistical surveying into social societies and why it is vital, likewise with web publicizing and circulation as a device for the mass crowd. Proceeding onward from the promoting of film trailers to the real creation and strategies utilized in trailers known as the plan. First I am going to take a gander at the film trailer when all is said in done and state quickly what components are utilized to build the film trailer this will give us the groundwork’s and foundation data for film trailers so I can begin to recognize the better components in detail. By and large film trailers will in general show us the most fascinating pictures from a film; the scenes that will interest the watchers or make them giggle or make a feeling of dread, anything to energize the crowd. To characterize a trailer to its minimum necessities, I pose the inquiry what makes a film trailer unmistakable and extraordinary. I accept that when certain key highlights are assembled they make a ground-breaking convincing type of smaller than expected film. It is the utilization of methods where the trailers are made in there style that makes them unmistakable, as later I will demonstrate in my investigation that every trailer moves toward the plan and style in indicating the film in a remarkable and individual manner while as yet utilizing great Hollywood film procedures. The utilization of various shots and joining these shots to stress the movies best highlights just as the utilization of changes and designs are some great Hollywood procedures utilized in advancing a film trailer. My exploration in film trailers has persuade that the utilization of montage groupings and shot determination are the components that unite the account, kind and sound to make the film trailers. ‘It is the limit of film trailers to pass on data non-verbally through mise-en-scene, altering, camera developments and outward appearances that gives the ability to advance in such a major way’ Story The main rule highlight of film trailers is the account. The film trailer makes a different story to introduce the account of the full length film. Portrayal is the recounting a story, and the plot of a film trailer infers story data. It is the narrational segment of trailers which is noteworthy to their creation of importance. A few trailers center more around this element as the film probably covers significant issues or contain a significance of some significance these sorts of stories are known as non-anecdotal. Anecdotal movies will in general spotlight on disclosing the foundation data to build up the story, I am going to take a gander at a particular classification of film trailers, I have picked activity films traversing over the 1970’s 80’s and 90’s. The Terminator film is an ideal case of a trailer that utilizes a particular method of plot improvement. The account work is to present the character, for this situation study it is ‘The Terminator’ where the story suggests a pursuit and demolish plot. The voice over states what the plot will be about by saying a couple of realities, the last barely any words that are said clarify the kind of plot improvement you can expect in the film, It will have just one reason, to come back to the present and forestall what's to come. This weapon will be known as The Terminator. With out this data the crowd would be befuddled and the trailer would get discretionary; the story gives the film setting first alongside the pictures which uncover a greater amount of the plot. The utilization of account to clarify the movies significance and reason for existing is basic, the capacity of story in this trailer shows the procedure of an objective orientated plot. †¦there are objective orientated plots, in which a character finds a way to accomplish an ideal item or situation Plot improvement is a method utilized in numerous other activity film trailers as I have taken note. The Die Hard film trailer uncovers a plot where the focal character John McLain is attempting to spare his significant other who has been kidnapped among numerous others in a structure. This plot uncovers examples of rehashed activity. Trailers use plot examples to permit the crowd to anticipate a particular sort of plot, the crowd make their own progressively explicit goals, as the trailer continues uncovering the crowds desires become increasingly exact. Outsiders is an ideal case of an inquiry and demolish plot design that is distinguished in the primary scene of the film where the female courageous woman known as Sigourney weaver poses an inquiry and gets a straightforward answer. This limited quantity of discourse clarifies the improvement of plot you can hope to find in the film itself. Simply disclose to me one thing Berk, we’re going out to decimate them†¦rite, not to examine, not to bring back, yet to clear them out? †¦That’s the arrangement! Despite the fact that this discourse alone is unjustified until you see the activity that tails it. This announcement suggests that there is something out there and not of an agreeable sort, Sigourney’s aims are to go out there and devastate something. Obviously account in trailers assumes a fundamental job in the making of significance in conveying the story plot of the full length film accurately, without uncovering excessively however making it sufficiently intriguing. The two trailers referenced above use voice over to portray the story data where as my next model utilizes the utilization of bury titles. The entomb titles are words on a clear screen or superimposed over pictures, which add to the significance of the plot or story data. Likewise they are utilized as a change among existence, the suggestive implications of the words are deciphered by social societies who relate the words to the idea of the general public where they live in. The trailer lets the pictures uncover increasingly about the style and exchange of the film, while the bury titles indicate various implications and advises the crowds regarding what's in store in the film. This is an alternate method to illuminate the crowd regarding the kind of plot improvement they can anticipate. Notwithstanding the story advancement of plots, the center segment of the trailer shows the occasions that characterize activity and experience are the reasons for the postponements of anticipated results. These occasions may cause tension, dread, energy and shock. For instance in the Die hard film trailer the quantity of snags John McLain needs to battle through to spare his better half are only the postponed desires, making tension and advancing through to the last peaks of the film. In spite of the fact that this genuine film trailers contrast somewhat in the way that scenes are shown paving the way to the peak however you need to recollect it is just a trailer and its motivation

Reflection on Ojibwe and Blackfoot

Question: Talk about the Reflection on Ojibwe and Blackfoot. Answer: Presentation: History says that the Ojibwe are an Anishinaabeg gathering of individuals living in North America. It tends to be discovered that this gathering of individuals lives in Canada and the United States and are one of the biggest indigenous ethnic gatherings in that place. Also, in Canada, they are the second biggest First Nations populace, outperformed distinctly by the Cree. I have discovered that the Ojibwe individuals generally have communicated in the Ojibwe language and they are the piece of the Council of Three Fires (Nesper, 2012). Ojibwes are essentially a forests people. It is important to make reference to here that I have seen that Chippewa Indians are too known as the Ojibwe and they speak an alternate sort of the Algonquian words and are personally related to the Ottawa and Potawatomi Indians. Altogether, Ojibwe implies Ottawa, Potawatomi and some other Algonquian people groups. From the nitty gritty perceptions, I have discovered that Ojibwe or the forest Chippewas were com monly the cultivating individuals and they used to collect wild rice and corn, angling, chasing minimal game alongside get-together nuts too organic products (Craig, 2015). Aside from that, I have discovered that the Plains Ojibwes were wild creature huntsman and prior bison meat made up a large portion of their cut back. Research works and the reports state that in the mid-seventeenth century, there were close around 35,000 Ojibwe on the mainland and with the development of time, the number has expanded. History says that the Ojibwe used to consider themselves the Anishinabeg, for example first or the first individuals (Nesper, 2012). By and by, I have discovered that the Ojibwe individuals are confronting a few issues like money related development for falling the pace of joblessness, the assurance of the wild rice business from the gainful producers, unrivaled therapeutic administration for battling disorder like liquor addiction, diabetes. Better organization of the normal assets, fortress of understanding rights and achievement of autonomy just as increased significance on advanced education to show specialists alongside redesigning the instructive ties (Craig, 2015). Reflection on Blackfoot The Blackfoot, who are too named as Blackfeet, Indians were essentially a nomad American Indian ethnic gathering that movements from the Great Lakes Region toward the North western piece of the United States. From history, I have discovered that this one nation has formed after some time into four isolated and self-overseeing ethnic gatherings, everybody with their own organization (Craig, Yung Borrie, 2012). Every one of them live in the equivalent geographic locale and along these lines they have fundamentally the same as dress style, weapons and food propensities. By and by, I have seen there is one Blackfoot specification with occupants of roughly 10,000 Indians in the United States and an extra 15,000 live in Canada (Ewers, 2012). There are four distinct clans of Blackfoot and they are as per the following: North Peigan Pikuni (Craig, Yung Borrie, 2012) Blackfoot/Siksika Pikuni/Peigan Blood/Kainai History says that the Blackfoot Indians were gifted huntsmen and they used to chase wild oxen. In the year 1880s, the white individuals began chasing bison and because of this, in excess of 600 Blackfoot Indians hungry to mourning because of their dependence on the around decimated wild ox. In any case, I can express that everything about four ethnic gatherings split one administrator discourse named Algonquian, however they are autonomous in nature. It is important to specify that this discourse is spoken by various other Indian ethnic gatherings in the United States (Dempsey, 2016). References Craig, D. R., Yung, L., Borrie, W. T. (2012). Blackfeet Belong to the Mountains: Hope, Loss, and Blackfeet Claims to Glacier National Park, Montana.Conservation and Society,10(3), 232. Craig, T. (2015). Strategic in Cree-Ojibwe Country.The Canadian Journal of Native Studies,35(1), 162. Dempsey, L. J. (2016).Blackfoot war workmanship: Pictographs of the booking time frame, 18802000. College of Oklahoma Press. Ewers, J. C. (2012).The Blackfeet: bandits on the northwestern fields. College of Oklahoma Press. Nesper, L. (2012). A quarter century of Ojibwe arrangement rights in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Minnesota.American Indian Culture and Research Journal,36(1), 47-78.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for March 12th, 2019

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4 Ways to Make Your Biography Writing As Less Dry As Possible

No matter what topic you’re covering, when writing a paper for a class, you need to make sure that your work is interesting and compelling. This can be very difficult when you’re writing a biography, though. Biography writing often comes across as dry and boring. It doesn’t have to be though. The next time you’re asked to write a biography for an assignment, keep these tips in mind. They’ll help you earn your ‘A+’. 1. Use Interesting Trivia Your biography shouldn’t just be a list of interesting facts about a person. While these may entertain a reader, if they’re unrelated, your overall work will come across as random and unfocused. However, that doesn’t mean that you should ignore any interesting pieces of trivia that you come across. After you write your paper, look back through it and see if there are any places where you could incorporate these facts. They’ll help you make the overall work much more compelling for a reader. 2. Discuss Their Early Life Too often, students tasked to write a biography, they focus only on the portion of a person’s life that made them famous. The problem is, most people are familiar with this info already. Even if they’re not, they know they can easily find it with a quick internet search. Your paper should give people an experience they can’t necessarily get anywhere else. That means covering aspects of your subject’s life that aren’t as commonly-known, such as their childhood, or the period of time after their success. The point is to tell a story that others haven’t heard before. Of course, keep in mind that the story needs to be interesting. If there truly is nothing worth mentioning about the person’s childhood, don’t spend too much time focusing on it. 3. Make Them Relatable If your teacher asks you to write a biography on someone, odds are good the person you’re writing about will be a famous or historical figure. It’s very easy to treat these people as larger-than-life figures. The problem is, this makes too hard for most people to relate to. Often, it’s more interesting to read about someone who accomplished extraordinary things, but also had the traits or experience of an ordinary person. Readers like to feel that they can understand who a person is, and that requires being able to relate to them. To make your biography paper more compelling, look for stories from this person’s life that humanize them for the reader. 4. Be Focused and Specific Before taking this approach, check with your instructor to confirm that they approve of it. Sometimes, a biography assignment requires you to write a paper covering the person’s overall life and career. However, if you’re looking for a way to make it interesting, it often pays to devote most of your paper to covering a very specific period of time in your subject’s life. By focusing on a major accomplishment, you can explore their whole life and character in greater detail, instead of broad strokes. Don’t assume that your biography paper will inevitably come across as boring. If you keep these tips in mind, you can write something that truly captures the attention of a reader.

Graduation Speech - Original Writing - 1400 Words

November 20th: a lovely cool-weather-ed day, without much worry or fear in the air; the day after my sister, who had been living at college, celebrated her birthday with us at her workplace. Overall, it was a wonderful day. It was nearing the winter holidays, after a long-needed break during the beginning of eighth grade. I was staying after school, playing in the Middle School ‘Jazz Band’, having a great time. Everything ended, and I packed my instrument away. Overall, the band was able to learn, and practice, many new pieces for the upcoming concert. I couldn’t wait to go home, relax, and do homework for the next school day! My grandfather picked me up in his white van, and started towards my house, not too far away from the middle school. We were about halfway to my house, when I noticed a drawer on the sides of the road, which looked extremely similar to the one in my house. I didn’t think much of it. It was just a strange coincidence. My grandfather an d I were approaching my house, and I noticed one of my indoor-cats, named ‘Rocket’, running around outside, on my front lawn, frantically. There must be something going on. My grandfather, driving his van, reached the top of my driveway. I rushed out of his van to notice my front door wide open, with its wooden frame smashed. Something had to happen, and it wasn’t good. I rushed atop of my deck, to further inspect the door, hoping to find out what happened. My grandfather called my grandmother, and the police using ‘911’.Show MoreRelatedGraduation Speech - Original Writing1036 Words   |  5 PagesIn the back seat, intently listening to the words coming through the speakers, what is this I hear? Something so soulful, full of emotion, and life, it s as if I entered into another dimension, floating on a cloud of serenity. This feeling abruptly ended with a goodbye kiss as I prepare to enter the school building. I was enjoying my early morning schedule, learning about simple mathematics, how to get along with my peers, playing at recess, but I couldn t wait to get lost again, leave the earthlyRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing980 Words   |  4 PagesBy the time that Landon and I arrived to his mansion, the party had already started. Crazy, intoxicated teenagers were swaying their hips and doing every provocative move they cou ld think of to the beat of the horrid, meaningless music. Guys were desperately trying to get laid and the girls were loitering around, all over the place, taking photos and slurring their every word. Nothing good ever came out of partying-I could already tell that I was going to regret my actions by tomorrow morningRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing1385 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Natalia! we have to go to this dance! Please!† â€Å"You got money Roxy? because I sure do not!†. â€Å"Well no, but your mom will buy us tickets! Ha-ha!† â€Å"Well that is true, but you are asking her!† â€Å"What why she s your mom!† â€Å"But that s your mom! Lights flashing day and night, cars and taxi’s stuck in the day rush and the night to endure the spotlight, but in North Brooklyn there was to girls, two girls who were friends since 6th grade. They went through many hardships but still always managed to comeRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing898 Words   |  4 PagesAs long as I can remember I ve never been good at writing essays, especially under a time limit. There s just something about the pressure that makes me freeze up and I end up writing barely anything. I’ve struggled with it for the longest time, and I’ve tried to get better, but it’s a challenge for me. It all started in the third grade. I was deskbound in my third grade classroom with my friends, looking at all the decorations on the walls. It was approaching Thanksgiving break, so there wereRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing953 Words   |  4 PagesIt s the minute details that are vital: the small things are what make big things happen. There are certain flashbacks of one’s childhood that stay forever in one’s mind. There is one day in particular that is still fresh in my mind. It was the fall of third grade, and I forgot to pray Shacharit that morning. My evident passion for Tefillah began at a young age. As the realization dawned on me, tears were suddenly streaming down my face. This had never occurred to me before, and I felt nervousRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing992 Words   |  4 Pagesother alumni are in jail, died in the zombie apocalypse a while back, or have been wiped off the face of the earth somehow, I don’t know, I cou ldn’t possibly care any less about those that I went to high school with and that are there after me. Graduation was one of the better days of my young life. If you haven’t figured it out, I was not a fan of high school. They couldn’t pay or beg me enough to teach at any high school here in the county, hence why I am teaching at the middle school level, asRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing943 Words   |  4 Pages It was my 5th grade ceremony at Anthony Burns Elementary School, and I was standing in line to get my certificate. The school’s principal called my name to accept my certificate for â€Å"AB Honor Roll† and â€Å"Excellence in Math.† I was looking into the massive crowd, and my mother, along with my Uncle Chris and Aunt Saundra, were cheering me on with jubilant faces. I remember how intense the moment was, and the overwhelming feeling’s of love i received; I was proud. As I made my way across the stageRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing800 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Wake up,it’s time to go to Tennessee!† my mama exclaimed.I couldn’t believe that this day had come.It felt like I had waited forever for this much needed vacation from the hectic schedule of school. †I need to make sure I have everything.† I yelled.My brother was going,along with some of the church youth group.I was so excited that I could barely think straight.We were gone from September 4-6,which was Labor Day weekend.The reason we were going to Tennessee was to white-water raft.When we got toRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing1036 Words   |  5 Pages It had been a long hot summer, and I was very excited for school to begin, I even found a new backpack on the internet that I wanted to buy, although this never would happen, I was still happy that the summer was almost over. I couldn t wait. Every day of August I had checked the mail. But one day when I saw the mail truck, I sprinted down the driveway, I would ve been hit by a car is one was there. I opened the mailbox, grabbed the mail, and ran back up, well I should say tried. I trippedRead MoreGraduation Speech - Original Writing1311 Words   |  6 PagesSetting my suitcase and bags next to my bed, I glanced around seeing that most of the things I kept here were where I left where I ha don t them two months ago. summer break recently ended and class was scheduled to resume on Monday. It was my last year here at Maxwell College of Arts and I could already tell that this year was going to be stressful. Being 21, almost 22 in September, I was ready to take on life. Ever since I was 15, I knew I wanted to be a singer. I wanted to share my music with

Myths of the Native American Cherokee Tribe Free Essays

string(61) " there was fire they did everything they could to get to it\." Myths are sacred to all Native American Tribes, and the two popular myths for the Cherokee Indian tribe is The Creation Myth, which explains how the world was made, and the other myth is The First Fire which is about how the fire was discovered. The Cherokees are a very large and powerful American Indian tribe and has a lot of history background and interesting facts. They use their cultural myths in their day to day lives in many different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Myths of the Native American Cherokee Tribe or any similar topic only for you Order Now The creation myth is used more in their religion beliefs than the first fire is, but they both are similar with each other. The Cherokee Indians have a personal and trusting relationship with the earth, animals, and Plants to show that they love the earth and trust in it. The creation myth is about how the world was made in the Cherokee Indians point of view. This myth explains how the world was created and all the background information about it, and how and why we have mountains and valleys. The Indians believe that â€Å"The earth was a great island floating in a sea of water, suspended by a cord at each of the four cardinal points, hanging down from the sky vault, which is solid rock†, (Cherokee Beliefs Creation Of Earth), nd they fear that once everybody dies on this earth the earth will go back underground like it was before everyone was created. There was a arch floating on this island of water with a few animals aboard, and on this arch was a little Water-beetle, who went on a journey to see what was under the water, and what he discovered was some mud. The mud some how created a soft surface so that the animals could then walk on, which became the earth which was flat and very wet at first. All of the animals were very anxious to see if the ground was ready to walk on, so each bird on the arch was sent on to check, but they could not find a place to land. Each time something was discovered or complete they would send out a different animal to do that task to help get the earth ready to live on. The father of all Buzzards than flew out to get everything ready, he is the one who made the valleys and mountains. This happened when the Buzzard got very tired of flying, when he was in the Cherokee country his wings would touch the ground Ahich turned into a valley than it turned in a mountains. The sun was created after the earth was dry, the animals saw that it was still very dark. So then the animals got the sun in track so it would come up each day across the island from east to est. The first inept didn’t work due to it being really hot, it took a different animal and seven attempts to get the sun in the sky at a just enough spot. The Indians believe that there is another world under the one we live in. They call it the underground and they say everything down there is the same with animals, plants, and people, the only thing different is the seasons they have. Its not known to whom and when the animals and plants were made, but they were a great use of help when the earth was being created. The animals did a lot of work on trying to get everything in order so they could have some where to live. The plants and animals had to stay up seven nights to test their abilities. Only the owl, the panther and two other animals were able to stay up the full seven nights and were rewarded with the powers to see in the dark and stay awake at night. The tree’s that were able to stay up was the Cedar, the Pine, the Spruce, the Holly and the Laurel, they were giving the ability to always stay green and to be the greatest medicine. Men were created after the plant and animals were. First there was just a brother and sister that was living on earth and then the brother. Then one day he made her multiply by striking her with a ish, which she did. In seven days there was a baby and then every seven days another baby was born. It came to a conclusion that earth couldn’t keep all of the babies, because there were too many and it was dangerous. That’s how it came about that its more healthy for women to only have one child in a year. The animals and people were at one point living in harmony with each other, but then the humans speeded all over the earth and there wasn’t enough room for the animals or plants. Then the animals declared a war against the humans, the animals were really mad, so they each chose a disease to send the humans to make them ill or die. The plants were the only things that was still pure and harmless to one another, they were friendly to both men and plants but, â€Å"when the plants, who were friendly to man heard what had be done by the animals they determined to defeat the latter’s’ evil designs†(Conley pp. 10. After the trees defeated the plan that was made, they cured the humans with their medicine from themselves. The first fire myth explains how fire came about and who was discovered it. In mythology, fire appears both as a creative, cleansing force and as a destructive, punishing one, although positive aspects of fire generally outweigh negative ones. The fire was first made by some thunder that sent their lighting to a empty sycamore tree that was on a island which caught on fire. The earth was really cold, and when all the animals saw that there was fire they did everything they could to get to it. You read "Myths of the Native American Cherokee Tribe" in category "Essay examples" Since the fire was on a island only certain animals could try to retrieve the fire. The Raven had tried first because he was so strong he tried to bring back the fire, but he failed. In the process in trying to bring back the fire, the Raven got all of his feathers scorched black so he flew back. After most of the animals that could fly tried to get the fire failed nd got hurt in the process, none of the other animals that could fly didn’t want to try, because they were afraid. The next animal that tried was the black racer snake, he swam under he water and came up from the bottom of the tree where there was a hole at, and he made up it up the tree. The snake almost had the fire, but it burst in flames in his face and he fell in the hole and climbed out just into, but he got turned all black. By then all of the animals were afraid to try to get the fire, so the animals held a council to see what they should do next, and the rest of them made up xcuses why they couldn’t try to go retrieve the fire. The last brave animal that was willing to make the trip across the island was the water spider. For her journey she weaved a bowl and put it on her backed to carry back the fire in. she crossed over the island and came back with a piece of coal in her bowl still burning. The water spider still wears the bowl strapped around her body to remind everybody how she got the fire. Cherokee Indians were one of the largest native American group in the Unites States. They were one of the most important tribe in the United States and the most civilized. They riginally came from the southeastern region of the United States. The Cherokee people also lived in different parts of the United States, such as Georgia, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. The location of the Cherokee Indians changed in the 1800’s, due to the Trail of Tears. The Trail of Tears is also known as Indian Removal, is when the government created an Indian territory in Oklahoma, and sent all the Eastern native Americans to live there. The Cherokee people were treated really badly and some died on the long journey to Oklahoma, which resulted in the deaths of 4000 Cherokees. The name Cherokee comes from a Muskoge word meaning speakers of another language, and is pronounced Tsalagi in their language, but the Cherokee language belongs to the Iroquoian . The Cherokee originally called themselves Aniyunwia which means the principal people. The roles of the men and women Cherokee tribe were like their distant cousins the Iroquois. The Cherokee men and women were equal to each other, they had the same amount of power as each other. The men did the hunting, war and diplomacy. For hunting the men would make their own and weapons by hand, the material they used was tomahawks. When the Cherokee man hunters would prepare to hunt for their food, they would pray to the animals to ask for forgiveness from them, than they would continue to hunt, â€Å"Man fasted prayed before hunting, and then offered thanks in a ceremony after killing an animal; on returning to their village, they shared the meat, used all parts of the animal, and often danced to honor the animal†, (Cherokee Indian Heritage and History). The Indians were thankful for the animal that gave them food, but They also felt bad so they honored them to show their appreciation to the animals and earth. Cherokee man would use blowguns to catch birds and sometimes to play a small game. They were good with building things also, building canoes and house frames and roofs. The women in the tribe duties was to be in charge of farming, property, and taking care of their families. The women also made their own tools, they wove mats, blankets, clothing and pottery. When the time came for making important political decisions in the Cherokee tribe the men would step in and play the important role, and when it came down to social decisions for the clan they would be the women place to step in and make the decisions. In the modern time in the Cherokee history women couldn’t be chiefs or anything in higher power, only landowners, and the man could only be the chiefs. Times have changed in the Cherokee tribe and now woman can be chiefs, but some Indians still prefer the traditional way to live. Some activities both genders did in the Cherokee tribe was artwork which is making drums and rattles, music which included them dancing to their traditional songs, storytelling and traditional medicine the pure healing. The Indians were really serious about their ways of healing themselves and others in their tribe. The Cherokee’s would have big ceremonies relating to this process of healing and forgiving with their traditional ways and beliefs. The Cherokee’s religion and beliefs are based up on the protective spirits of the upper world to help them keep balance and harmony on earth, and it connects to the creation myth in a Many different ways. The Cherokee Indians did a lot of rituals, prayers, and ceremonies giving thanks to the earth, plants and animals. They use the creation myth as guide to lead them through their lives. This myth means a lot to the Cherokee Indians and their religion. Even though the Cherokee Indians don’t use the term religion to describe the rituals, ceremonies, the cleaning of their bad feelings, and all of their other daily life styles, every part of their world had some scared connection or religious meaning to it. They began their day and end their nights with daily prayers, rituals, and seasonal ceremonies to deal with their problems and receive guidance and forgiveness from the earth. The Cherokee did a lot of rituals and ceremonies about how to rid all the bad feelings and getting the earth and animals to forgive them. They did special rituals for the animals they have killed â€Å"a hunter was required to follow ertain prescribed rituals, and to apologize to the spirit of the animal he killed† (Conley pg. 7). One of the rituals they did was Going To The Water, the purpose of this ritual is to help get rid of any bad feelings they may have and renew them in a positive way so they can began a fresh start with a clear mind. They began by stepping into a river or creek facing east, and dipping their bodies under the water seven times to come up with a clear mind, â€Å"they prayed to the sevens directions: the four cardinal points, the sky, the earth, and the center-the spirit†, (Cherokee Indian Heritage and History). This was performed by men, women, and children. Another ceremony the Cherokee’s used was called the called The Green Corn Ceremony, which was used to help give them a fresh start and seek forgiveness for their quarrels and any crime they did. This ceremony was held each year at harvest time. The meaning of this ceremony was to forgive one another and get forgiveness from the earth from what they did in their past year. In conclusion the Cherokee Indian were a very powerful tribe, who live their lives by many myths and traditional rituals, which is very sacred to them. They focus on all of the good things in life, they are very respectful and thankful for a lot of things. To show thanks they usually do ceremony or a traditional ritual. The Cherokee Indians have a lot of balance and harmony in their lives. Cherokee Indians have a lot of love for the earth, plants and the animals, most of there stories, rituals, ceremonies, and legends are based upon those three things they love and respect the most. Animals, earth, and the plants all give something to the Cherokee Indians that they can use feed, nurture and protect their tribe. How to cite Myths of the Native American Cherokee Tribe, Essay examples

Mexican Drug Cartels and the War on Drugs

Abstract This paper investigates the problem of Mexican drug cartels provoking a significant level of violence in the country and the consequences of the War on Drugs. The information used to analyze the topic of the paper includes peer-reviewed articles and books studying the main specifics of the problem. The paper presents a careful examination of the current research on the problem and the analysis of the findings gained during the process of studying the available sources presenting relevant information about the specifics of the issue.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mexican Drug Cartels and the War on Drugs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The examination of the current research on Mexican drug cartels and the War on Drugs helps to understand the causes of the outburst of violence, define the major tendencies of the Mexican War on Drugs and its drawbacks, and suggest potential solutions able to change the course of events and reduce the unprecedented level of violence caused by the activity of drug cartels in the country. The twentieth century brought an unprecedented development of drug business all over the world. As the United States is considered one of the biggest consumers of drugs, some of its neighboring countries are involved in continuous process of delivering marijuana, cocaine, heroin, crystal meth, and other drugs to the US. Mexico witnessed the extension of drug-trafficking organizations and faced the problem of dealing with them in the twentieth century. The proclaimed War on Drugs has gained some significant results but has not succeeded in stopping the growth of narco-business. Careful examination of current research on the problem of drug cartels, their violence in Mexico, and the mistakes of the War on Drugs helps to identify the main causes of the current situation, analyze them, and suggest potential solutions able to reduce the violence and correct the previous mistakes of the war. Examination of Current Research of Mexican Drug War The violence of Mexican drug cartels and the War on Drugs are one of the most urgent topics in Mexico and the United States as they directly influence both countries. Therefore, the research on the causes of the war, its main specifics, the factors influencing the actions of drug cartels, and the possible solutions to the problem is of vital importance, as appropriate studies can help to identify major tendencies, propose the ways of dealing with current situation, and suggest the methods for avoiding the repeat of violent events. The modern sources include various articles and books investigating the discussed issue. The examination of current research on Mexican drug cartels and the War on Drugs helps to determine certain contributions of the researchers to revealing the causes of the critical situation and possible ways out.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get y our first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are many articles shedding the light on the course of events in the Mexican War on Drugs. Articles exploring the history of the drug business in Mexico help to understand the origins of war in this country. Grillo (2013) presents a well-developed investigation on the relations between the development of drug cartels in Mexico and the United States policy. The author explores the history of drug cartels in Mexico through the prism of a hundred years of U.S. drug policy. The author presents an analysis of the events starting from the beginning of the twentieth century when opium was banned in the United States, and numerous opium smugglers appeared in Mexico. The prohibition of alcohol is examined as another event that boosted Mexican smuggling networks. The author also investigates the transition from marijuana to cocaine cartels. After providing the proper analysis of the historical background, Grillo (2013) presents numerous fa ctors that can explain the explosion of violence leading to the Mexican War on Drugs. The author also emphasizes the importance of innovations in the United States policy for the success of struggle against narco-terrorism. Another category of articles helps to discover the most influential events of the Mexican War on Drugs and their impact on different spheres of national and international communities. Kellner and Pipitone (2010) present a careful investigation of the events that shaped the course of the Mexican War on Drugs. The authors start with the analysis of relations between Colombia’s successful war on the Cali and Medellin drug cartels and the escalation of drug cartels’ violence in Mexico. The examination of the events at 1990s and at the beginning of the new millennium helps to understand their potential contribution to the beginning of full-scale war between several drug cartels and further development of war between the members of drug business and the g overnmental forces. Kellner and Pipitone (2010) give information about the country’s largest cartels – the Sinaloa gang and the Gulf Cartel, revealing the development of rivalry between them and the causes of the police’s attempts to stop the violence. The authors provide the analysis of the activities launched by Felipe Calderon to fight back the drug cartels and compare his strategy to the one that was used in Columbia. Besides, the authors emphasize the lack of help provided by the United States to assist the fight against narco-terrorism. Studies analyzing the causes of the Mexican War on Drugs and the factors that helped narco-business to become one of the dominant powers in the country are also of vital importance as such research helps to define the barriers that should be eliminated to make the struggle against drug business successful. Campbell (2014) presents a detailed investigation of the narco-propaganda as one of the main factors promoting the stre ngth of drug cartels’ domination in Mexico.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mexican Drug Cartels and the War on Drugs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The author explores the specifics of the main types of narco-propaganda. He starts with analyzing the spectacles of violence for public view as the first tool used by the drug business. Narco-messages present another type of propaganda and include signs, graffiti, and manifestos in public places. Videos and narco-genres of music are examined as another group of methods used by drug cartels to provide effective propaganda. Control and censorship of the mass media and information by drug cartels in Mexico is investigated by the author as the major threat to freedom of word in the country and the factor creating corresponding attitudes in the society. The author emphasizes the devastating effects of aggressive politics of drug cartels aimed at controlling all means of informing the public about their crimes. Campbell’s study on propaganda of drug cartels contributes to providing a clear view of the situation in Mexico and sheds the light on its origins. Many articles investigate the importance of the participation of the United States in the process of regulation of violence outburst caused by drug cartels in Mexico. Such studies are of vital importance for American society, as lack of effective actions taken by its government can be regarded as one of the contributors to the worsening of the situation in Mexico. Morris (2013) presents an article aimed at demonstrating the effects of the rise of drug-trafficking organizations in Mexico on the security of the US and attempts to show the negative impact of the lack of attention paid by the American government to significant problems in Mexico. The author presents proofs of the fact that drug-trafficking organization are engaged in human trafficking related to illegal immigrants and sex workers. Morris (2013) studies the relations between the War on Drugs in Mexico and the rise of criminality in particular cities in the US. The author presents the proofs of the negative impact of cartel activity in the US on domestic crime. The article presents relevant arguments proving that the US should search for efficacious solutions and take part in the struggle against drug cartels’ violence in Mexico. The studies on ways of dealing with the problem of domination of drug cartels in Mexico are also of vital importance as they help to analyze the effectiveness of previous decisions and suggest potential future solutions. Besides a big number of books investigating the issue, there are also numerous articles covering this topic. Wright (2010) presents an analysis of the connections between drug-related violence in Mexico and the revision of state and federal criminal codes. The author analyzes the efficacy of such decisions and demonstrates the importance of putting more effort in the struggle against criminal activity of drug cartels. Other studies analyze potential solutions, including legalization of marijuana, promoting the security of the border, supporting the official armed struggle against drug cartels, etc.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The examination of current research on Mexican drug cartels and the War on Drugs helps to understand the causes of the outburst of violence, define the major drawbacks of the Mexican War on Drugs, and suggest potential solutions. Analyzing the Causes of the Violence of Drug Cartels and the War on Drugs in Mexico Examining the studies on the difficult situation in Mexico helps to identify the main causes that led to the escalation of conflicts and the factors contributing to the domination of drug cartels in the country. The first cause can be identified as the low economic development of the country. This factor appears to be the cornerstone of extensive interest to drug business among young people in Mexico, who present the social basis for drug cartels. Long-term economic instability has contributed to the high rates of unemployment and low job opportunities in the country (Shirk, 2014). Such situation has motivated numerous young people to find their place in the drug business to be able to earn for living. The revenues of narco-business grow dramatically every year. Therefore, thousands and even millions of Mexicans are ready to commit crimes, including homicides, to stay in the business and do not lose the only source of income. The historical background can be determined as the second cause of the current situation in Mexico. Multiple policies prohibiting certain substances in the United States stimulated the activity of drug business in Mexico. Tough situation in Columbia shifted the center of drug trafficking to Mexico. Besides, growing demand for psychotropic substances in the United States in the 1970s stimulated the growth of the drug-related business. Numerous people became involved in the business, and the number of its members was growing every year. That led to the situation when this business became one of the main sources of employment in the country. Such state of affairs promoted the aggressiveness of drug cartels striving for winning the tu rf for their employees. Political situations in Mexico and in the United States can be defined as other factors that contributed to the rise of violence. The Institutional Revolutionary Party managed to maintain careful control of the activities of drug cartels and establish a cooperation that kept the relations stable (Medel Thoumi, 2014). However, when the party lost governor’s race in northern states, territorial rivalries became more severe in certain regions and soon transformed into the outburst of violence. Therefore, the shift in domestic political power resulted in the loss of control over drug lords and led to growing violence. The change of power from the one-party rule to a multiparty system led to fragmentation of security forces and the competence between political groups, resulting in lower ability to oppose the enemy. Certain steps made by the American Government can also be regarded as the factors that contributed to the rise of violence in Mexico. The North American Free Trade Agreement eliminated the barriers to both legal and illegal trade between the US and Mexico and increased shipments of drugs to the north. Therefore, the rivalry for turf grew. Besides, the United States did not provide appropriate control over the flow of weapons to Mexico. The repeal of the assault weapons ban in the US in 2004 also made its contribution to the escalation of violence, as the members of drug cartels are heavily armed, and the main origin of the weapons is the United States. The neglectful attitude to the export of weapons gave the drug cartels in Mexico an opportunity to gather an abundant amount of weapons and be competitive with the official army of the country. The growing number of former militants who joined the drug cartels also increased the levels of violence. Las Zetas gave an example of employing former soldiers and police officers and using them in terrorizing activities against competitive cartels. Similar strategies were employed b y other cartels and led to the escalation of violence with the help of paramilitary tactics. All of the factors mentioned above have contributed to the rise of violence in Mexico. Drug cartels started using an enormous amount of homicides to gain the ultimate power over the drug business. Such a frightful situation encouraged the Mexican government to start a serious struggle against drug cartels and resulted in the War on Drugs. Mistakes of the Mexican War on Drugs and Potential Solutions When Felipe Calderon was elected as a president, he proclaimed the War on Drugs. With the help of the United States, the government managed to achieve certain strategic goals by arresting the important figures in narco-business and confiscating weapons and monetary assets. However, the counternarcotics efforts intensified the violence of drug-trafficking organizations and contributed to the escalation of conflicts between them. After the arrests of the heads of several drug cartels, leaders that a re more violent came to power. New leaders organized terrific massacres and used various methods of terror. The war caused numerous deaths among civilians and made the ordinary people lose the feeling of safety. Though causing numerous deaths, Calderon’s offensive did not have a significant impact on drug trafficking. The multi-billion dollar industry continued to grow and use violent methods for fighting for turf. The drawbacks of Calderon’s War on Drugs illustrates the importance of employing a comprehensive approach to dealing with narco-industry, as military actions appeared to provoke even more violence and have no impact on the growth of the business. Therefore, alternative solutions to the problem should be considered. Legalization of marijuana is one of the solutions often regarded as an effective method for decreasing the growth of drug cartels in Mexico. Legal regulation of marijuana distribution in the United States will cut one of the main sources of income of drug-trafficking organizations in Mexico. However, there is also a dangerous possibility that if one of the most commonly sold drugs will be removed from illegal business, drug cartels will be pushed to search for new sources of income, which can cause the escalation of violence. Besides, they can turn their attention to human trafficking or providing a bigger supply of cocaine or heroin. Such tendencies will bring more terror, as these sources of revenue involve more violent actions than marijuana does. Therefore, legalization of marijuana should be considered as one of the solutions, but must be accompanied by ensuring preventing other more dangerous activities. Another potential solution that is based on the analysis of the causes of the lack of success of previous actions of Mexican government can include eliminating mid-level bosses in cartels. Targeting kingpins appeared to be ineffective as it caused more violence and destabilizing succession wars. Targeting low-level mem bers of cartels also seems to be an unsuccessful solution, as they can be easily replaced. Mid-level leaders present the category of members of drug cartels who are relatively easy to be found and arrested. They are influential enough, and their elimination will cause potential harm to drug cartels. However, such strategy will not provoke violent succession battles. Financial targeting appears to be one of the most effective solutions as it directly affects the ultimate purpose of drug-trafficking organizations – profit. Influencing the financial system of drug cartels is the key to controlling their development. This aspect can be controlled by ensuring severe penalties for any financial institution cooperating with the members of these illegal organizations. Such strategy will help to cut off the ways of receiving revenues by imposing strict regulations on banks, which are currently involved in providing necessary financial operation for drug cartels. High-intensity law enf orcement can stop further extension of narco-business in Mexico (Kan, 2012). Putting effort in strengthening economics of the country and promoting the development of civil society are also of vital importance for dealing with drug cartels in Mexico. An economically stable country has more power to oppose drug business than the one with poor economics, as income factor is the one that motivates the population to engage in the activities of drug cartels. Ensuring efficient job opportunities and social security in the country is the key to attracting the attention of the youth to the spheres able to boost the economy. Searching for peaceful ways of dealing with drug cartels and the outburst of violence they provoke is the cornerstone of successful outcomes, as militarization of the struggle against narco-business turned out to give few positive results while taking thousands of lives of soldiers and civilians. Conclusion There are many relevant articles and books studying different as pects of the domination of drug cartels in Mexico and investigating the benefits and drawbacks of the War on Drugs. Careful examination of such sources helps to identify the main causes of the destructive processes, analyze previous decisions made in the course of struggle against drug cartels, and propose solutions able to change the situation and reduce the unprecedented level of violence in Mexico. References Campbell, H. (2014). Narco-propaganda in the Mexican â€Å"Drug War†: An anthropological perspective. Latin American Perspectives, 41(2), 60-77. Grillo, I. (2013). Mexican cartels: A century of defying U.S. drug policy. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 20(1), 253-265. Kan, P. R. (2012). Cartels at war: Mexico’s drug-fueled violence and the threat to U.S. national security. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, Inc. Kellner, T., Pipitone, F. (2010). Inside Mexico’s Drug War. World Policy Journal, 27(1), 29-37. Medel, M., Thoumi, F. E. (2014). Mexican drug â€Å"cartels†. In L. Paoli (Ed.). The Oxford handbook of organized crime (pp. 196-219). New York: Oxford University Press. Morris, E. K. (2013). Think again: Mexican drug cartels. Foreign Policy, 203, 30-33. Shirk, D. A. (2011). The Drug War in Mexico: Confronting a shared threat. New York: Council of Foreign Relations. Wright, R. (2010). Mexican drug violence and adversarial experiments. North Carolina Journal of International Law Commercial Regulation, 35, 363-385. This essay on Mexican Drug Cartels and the War on Drugs was written and submitted by user Emelia H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on The Case of Wilson County SchoolsEssay Writing Service

Essay on The Case of Wilson County SchoolsEssay Writing Service Essay on The Case of Wilson County Schools Essay on The Case of Wilson County SchoolsSYSTEM PROFILEThe Wilson County School System is located in Lebanon, Tennessee and serves approximately 15,000 students at 21 sites.Wilson County strives to obtain the best teachers and administrators possible, knowing that this will directly affect the success of their students. Of the 991 people employed in positions that require state certification, approximately 48 percent, have attained an educational degree at the masters level or higher. It has about 8 percent who have achieved career ladder status of two or three. The system has also lowered pupils A variety of real classrooms from across the country is shown in every PD 360 program so that teachers can actually see how to implement best-practices in their own classroom teaching.Research-Based Best Practices The best-practices shown in PD 360 are always research-based and classroom-proven, dealing with nearly every education initiative of the past two decades.Tracking Features Wilson County teachers follow their own growth curve by using the tracking tools and reflection questions at the end of each segment while administrators use PD 360’s integrated tracking, reporting, and follow-up to ensure that teacher professional development happens consistently.Recognized Education Experts Wilson County teachers have easy access to over 100 top education experts at their fingertips without waiting for conferences or paying the high costs associated with them.Superintendent Bing realizes that the success of PD360 will be dependent on the quality of professional development.   He calls in his instructional technology director (you) and asks that you provide him a two –three page summary of a professional development proposal that will effectively implement PD360.  The professional development proposalshould include the following:GoalsStrategiesTimelineEvaluationA conclusion as to what Superintendent Bing should expect in 6 months and 1 year.You may selec t the format for the proposal that is most comfortable to you (narrative, table, PPT etc.)The Michigan Professional Development rubrics are included as a guide for technology enhanced professional development.   Also included are North Carolina’s Technology Facilitator standards, which are aligned to the National Educational Technology Plan.   They are not specific to the assignment itself; they provide guidance for high quality technology proposals.

Take This Career Advice from Bill Gates in Order to be Successful

Take This Career Advice from Bill Gates in Order to be Successful Bill Gates is an emperor. He’s built one of the most powerful companies in the global economy, donated billions to charity, and revolutionized the way humans interact with technology. He is the richest man in the world, with a net worth of $79.2 billion, and has focused for the past 16 years since stepping down as CEO of Microsoft on his foundation and philanthropy. He is the most successful college dropout on the planet, and is constantly focused on the future of the human race. Through his observation of how a successful business runs and his involvement in global humanitarian causes, he has realized that there are a few things that will serve any newcomer to the workforce well in the near and distant future.Be aware of emerging fields.Bone up on your science, engineering, and economics. He calls workers in those fields the future â€Å"agents of change for all institutions† and recommends beefing up knowledge of the sciences, mathematics, and economics to be prepared to enter- or at least interact with- these three fields. You don’t have to run out and learn how to code, but you should probably be able to understand what coders do.Be optimistic.Gates said in a commencement address to Stanford University that â€Å"Optimism is often dismissed as false hope. But there is also false hopelessness.† So persevere.Be wary of success.According to Gates, it is a â€Å"lousy teacher† who â€Å"seduces smart people into thinking they can’t lose.†Be a fighter for the greater good.Gates is an activist and would inspire you to be one too. In a 2011 speech to the National Urban League, he said, â€Å"Every human being has equal worth. Everyone deserves to live a healthy and productive life. Success shouldn’t depend on the race or income of your parents.†Think the problems of the world are too daunting? Too bad. In a Harvard University commencement address, he told graduates, â€Å"Don’t let complexity s top you. Be activists. Take on the big inequities. It will be one of the great experiences of your lives.†He is a firm believer that if you simply make people aware of a problem, and give them a way to stop it, they will pitch in and â€Å"be moved to act.†Be open-minded.Way back in 1994, Gates told Playboy magazine that this was crucial. â€Å"Somebody could do it differently and still do it well. You can’t have this bias that they need to do things the same way.†So go ahead and strike out in the direction of your dreams. But listen to your Uncle Bill. He’s pretty smart.

Reputation and talent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reputation and talent - Essay Example The most important sustainable issue therefore to be discussed and explore is that of the reputation and talent management. Issues related with the labor, overtimes, low pays and unhygienic working conditions are some of the issues which constantly spring up in the media regarding Foxconn and which is ultimately hurting the reputation of our clients also. Apple has been focus of the controversy due to Foxconn. To successfully deal with this issue and to ensure that such negative publicity do not occur again, it is to be ensured that a systematic and thorough understanding of the Foxconn’s working environment will be conducted. Since Foxconn works in a particular cultural environment also therefore the emphasis would be placed upon helping the world to understand the actual cultural context within which Foxconn operates and how it is going to address all the related issues. In order to overcome the situation, a complete stakeholders’ analysis will be made to address the issue. Most important stakeholders will be taken into consideration and their views and concerns will be addressed. Especially those of Foxconn’s clients which operate into West and are subject to strict regulatory and ethical challenges regarding their operations and supply chain will be taken into consideration also. After discussions and thorough systematic study of the factors contributing towards the negative reputation of the firm, strategies will be recommended. Based upon the factors identified and the overall requirements of the stakeholders, a through change management plan will be implemented to overcome the management weaknesses and other related issues which are contributing towards this. After successful implementation of the plan, it is expected that the numbers of complaints in this regard will be reduced. Further, the employees will be

English class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English class - Essay Example Schools can play an important role in educating children about violent crimes prevention. The violent crimes prevention programs gave to be offered to all level of schools. Some programs can be designed in such a way to influence particular age group children, while some can be included in the texts books to archive certain set of goals. Before the implementation of the violent crimes prevention programs, it should be important to justify the quality of the execution, how the programs are executed, what methods are involved in the execution of the crime prevention programs, what effects are expected from the programs, for how long the programs will remain valid, are the programs are focused to achieve short lived goals and how the programs impact the normal lives of the students. The programs are categorized according to the age groups of the student. The general programs are designed for the students with ages from 6 to 17. 3- I think that the increase juvenile crime rate cannot be associated with the schools only. The environment at home also influences the children to indulge in such activities that may harm the personality and behavior of the child. Schools do have a role in training and education children but the initial years the child spends at home may influence him to be violent or behave harshly. Schools are important in determining the needs of the students and impose the violent crime prevention methods according to the behavior of the majority of the students. However, educating the students at very early stage about behaviors will be a better method for the prevention of violent crimes. 4- The source very well explants the research conducted at various stages. The implementation of the programs will lessen the violent juvenile crime rates; however, environment may influence a juvenile to commit a violent crime but it is not such

Genes Encoding HLA Antigens

Genes Encoding HLA Antigens The genes encoding HLA antigens are clustered on chromosome 6p21 at the telomeric end of the HLA region. Relatively few HLA class I genes are transcribed or translated.The expressed class I genes are subdivided into class Ia, which includesHLA-A, -B,and -C, and class Ib, which includes HLA-E, -F, and -G. As a non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule, HLA-G is expressed predominantly and restrictedly in extravillous trophoblast cells at maternal–fetal interface. Alternative transcription of spliced HLA-G mRNAs encodes at least seven different HLA-G iso- forms, namely the membrane-bound HLA- G1, -G2, -G3 and -G4, and the soluble HLA-G5 and -G6 and –G7 proteins (1, 2). Experiments in vitro showed that HLA-G may contribute to maternal acceptance of the semi-allogenic fetus, by suppressing the maternal immune system during.it has been shown to bind to the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT)-2 and killer inhibitory receptor (KIR)2DL4 (p49) inhibitory r eceptors on NK cells and confer protection to extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) via these receptors (3)(Figure2). This suggests that the interaction between HLA-G and immunocompetent cells at the placental interface could be critical in determining the outcome of pregnancy. In this regard, it may be helpful to look for deviations in these interactions by studying early pregnancy disorders of unknown aetiology (4). Among its several limited polymorphisms, the 14-bp ins/del polymorphism at 3 ´ untranslated region (3 ´UTR) of HLA-G gene has been shown an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of HLA-G molecule(5). Reports indicated that 14-bp polymorphism is associated with HLA-G mRNA stability and isoform alternative splicing patterns, therefore may influence functionality of HLA-G in pregnancy (6). In the present study, we analysed the 14-bp insertion ⠁„ deletion polymorphism in normal pregnancy and recurrent miscarriage patients with different miscarriage frequencies and discovered a possible correlation between the 14-bp polymorphism and recurrent miscarriage. Material and methods We carried out a case–control study. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from iranian women who had been seen at the infertility center in Yazd city during 2013 to 2014 for the evaluations of recurrent miscarriage. All of these women had regular menstrual cycles and were health. We analyzed a total of 200 patients with three or more recurrent spontaneous abortions (as a case group) and 200 healthy women without any history of abortion (as a control group). During the entire investigation period the current laws of ethical committee were followed; the patients gave their informed consent for use of their blood collected. Studied patients were without anatomical, microbial, viral, genetical disease and hormone profile tests and tests for ovulation and tubal patency were normal. Male partner’s semen analysis were included in the study. According to medical evidences, etiology of these abortions are unexplained. The following data for the patients were obtained: age, age at each abortion, numbers of abortions, time of abortion during each pregnancy, familial history of abortion, occurrence of bleeding and pain during abortion. Genotyping of the 14-bp insertion ⠁„ deletion polymorphism The blood samples of the control group and of the patients were collected in tubes containing EDTA. The molecular analyses were performed using DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes with a routine salting out procedure. The 14-bp insertion ⠁„ deletion polymorphism was genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplification was done using the forward primer 5 ´-GTGATGGGCTGTTTAAAGTGTCACC-3 ´ and the reverse primer 5 ´-GGAAGGAATGCAGTTCAGCATGA-3 ´ for the HLA-G 14 bp insertion/deletion polymorphism analysis. PCR products were run on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The sizes of the PCR products were confirmed by sequence analysis. The PCR products of exon 8 were analysed by 10% nondenaturing poyacrylamidel gel electrophoresis containing ethidium bromide and visualized under ultraviolet light. PCR products were of either 224 or 210 bp, respectively,depending on the insertion/deletion of the 14 bp in exon 8. The cycling conditions used were: 94  °C for 5 min; 35 cycles of 94  °C for 1 min, 55  °C for 1 min, 72  °C for 30 s; and a final cycle extension at 72  °C for 5 min. Statistical analysis The data were analyzed by using the Chi-square test in the presence and absence of 14-bp insertion ⠁„ deletion polymorphism expressing individuals. Odds ratio was calculated with a confidence interval of 95 %. The data were processed by SPSS 16 software. The significance level of the tests for considering Pvalues as significant was set to Results HLA-G genotype frequencies were in agreement with a Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in this study. Depending on the 14-bp deletion homozygotes, 14-bp insertion homozygotes or +14-bp ⠁„-14- bp heterozygotes of exon-8, the size of the amplified PCR products was either 224 or 210 bp or both in the case of heterozygotes (Figure 1) and was confirmed by DNA sequencing (Figure 2). Our results showed that both the +14-bp ⠁„-14- bp and -14-bp ⠁„-14-bp genotype frequencies were not significantly different between patients with recurrent miscarriages and fertile controls. However, the genotype frequency of +14-bp ⠁„ +14-bp homozygotes was significantly increased in those with recurrent abortions (three or more abortions) as compared with normal fertile controls. The mean age in the case group was: 35.3 yr  ± 5.8 (range 19–43), the mean age in the control group was: 34.9 yr  ± 3.2, (range 20–41) (Pvalue =0.40), in addition, some features of patients shown in Table 1. Distribution of the genotypes in the RSA patient and control groups is shown in Table 2. Frequencies were consistent with those previously reported by other investigators. (p value =) Discussion For more than two decades, the non-classical human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule HLA-G has been supposed to be an important immunoloregulation molecule in the maintenance of foetal–maternal immunotolerance. HLA-G has the ability to inhibite immune cell functions like natural killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dentritic cells. In our study, we focused on the 14-bp deletion ⠁„ insertion polymorphism in the 3 ´ UTR of exon 8 of the HLA-G gene,which may contribute to the regulation of HLA-G expression. Our results showed that there were more women who were heterozygous in RSA group than in the fertile controls. Also the frequency of the +14-bp variant showed a significant increase in patients with three or more miscarriages. Thus, our data suggest that there is a detectable relationship between susceptibility to recurrent miscarriages and +14-bp homozygotes of the HLA-G locus.A report by Hviid et al. showed a significant over representation of the 14-bp +⠁„ + 14-bp HLA-G genotype in a recurrent miscarriage group. Although no significant difference was observed for the 14-bp +⠁„+14-bp genotype between the recurrent miscarriage and the control groups in their study, the same trend was found by Yan et al. Their hypothesis was that the frequencies of the HLA-G genotype, homozygous for the + 14-bp sequence, would be higher in women with several unsuccessful IVF treatments or with recurrent miscarriage than in control groups. This hypothesis was based on a previously published study. HLA-G alleles may result in different levels of HLA- G proteins. To date, the 14-bp deletion has been assigned to the G*010101, G*0102 and G*010401 alleles, and the 14-bp insertion to the G*010102, G*010103, G*0103, G*0105N and G*0106 alleles. Rebmann et al. reported that alleles G*01013 and G*0105N with the +14-bp sequence are known as ‘lowsecretor’ alleles, and are associated with reduced soluble HLA-G levels . Thus, The 14-bp insertion in ex on 8 of the HLA-G gene may be associated with low levels of plasma soluble HLA-G. Low concentrations of soluble HLA-G in maternal serum appear to be correlated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in IVF pregnancies .If the HLA-G ‘low-secretor’ allele is a factor involved in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage, one would expect an increase in the number of carriers with the number of recurrent miscarriages , which is in agreement with the results of this study. The HLA-G 14 bp insertion ⠁„ deletion polymorphism may, in turn, affect the serum levels of sHLA-G and pregnancy maintenance, although the exactm mechanisms will require further study. The reason may be explained as follows, serum secreted HLA-G is conductive to early embryo implantation, as insufficient serum sHLA-G pro- motes trophoblasts attack by the mother’s immune cells induced by early embryonic trophoblast invasion of spiral arteries. This can result in a loss of implantation andpregnancy mai ntenance, leading to embryo loss as unexplained recurrent miscarriage .Based on these observations, our data indicate that the difference in HLA-G 14-bp genotype frequencies is not highly significant in this study. Probably, HLA-G as a single factor has a very modest effect in relation to risk for recurrent miscarriage. However, more genotyping investigations and functional studies on immune regulation are essential to elucidate the role of HLA-G in pregnancy. HLA-G gene encodes four membrane-bound and three soluble HLA-G isoforms by alternative splicing (16). The 14- bp insertion/deletion polymorphismin exon 8 of the HLA-G gene has been reported to be associated with HLA-G mRNA stability and splicing patterns, thus may play a role in the context of HLA-G functionality during pregnancy (17). Few studies on 14-bp polymorphism have been carried out in the association with RSA to date. A study by Tripathi et al. (14) indicated that 14-bp polymorphism is not a susceptible risk factor fo r RSA, but the number of heterozygotes (14bp1/2) was increased in the RSA group. However, another study indicated that homozygosity for the presence of the 14-bp polymorphism was higher in women with RSA than in the control groups (13). Recently, a report by Hviid et al. (15) showed a significant over- representation of 14bp 1/1 HLA-G genotype in the RSA group. Although no significant difference was observed for the 14bp 1/1 genotype between the RSA and the control groups in the current study, the same trend was found. In regard to the frequency of 14bp 1/2 heterozygotes, our study is inconsistent with that by Tripathi et al. (14) where more number of heterozygotes was observed in the RSA group. The discrepancy may be the result of ethnic variations, for a significantly different distribution of the 14-bp genotype was observed among Chinese, Danish, and Indian populations (Table 2) (14, 15). The 14-bp polymorphisms are involved in the stability and splicing patterns of the HLA-G mRN A isoforms. A rather detailed study by Hviid et al. (10) addressed that the HLA-G isoform transcripts were at a significantly lower level than the corresponding HLA-G isoform mRNA with the 14-bp sequence deleted, and an additional alternative splicing pattern, especially the HLA-G2 mRNA, could be observed with the presence of the 14-bp sequence. In accordance with this, a study by Rebmann et al. reported that HLA-G allelic variants are associated with plasma-soluble HLA-G levels. Alleles G*01013 and G*0105N with the 14-bp sequence are known as ‘low-secretor’ alleles, whereas alleles without the 14-bpsequence such as G*01041 are known as ‘high-secretor’ alleles, which are associated with elevated soluble HLA-G levels (18).Therefore, particular HLA-G alleles may result in different levels of HLA-G proteins. In the current study, higher frequencies of the 14-bpinsertion allele in RSA group may be a reflection of the association between the 14-bp insertion and the altered balance in HLA-G mRNA isoforms and probably the protein concentration. A recent report by Yie et al. (19) addressed that the embryos that express HLA-G benefit a higher in vitro fertilization rate. To the contrary, low soluble HLA-G seems to be correlated with an adverse pregnancy outcome (20). Taken together, our data indicated that the 14-bp insertion allele might have importance in the outcome of pregnancy. However, more genotyping investigations and functional studies on immune regulation are essential to elucidate the role of HLA-G in pregnancy.

Love Is Not All, or Is It? Essay

Edna St. Vincent Millay, â€Å"Love is Not All† Love is not all: it is not meat nor drink Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain; Nor yet a floating spar to men that sink And rise and sink and rise and sink again; 5Love can not fill thickened lung with breath, Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone; Yet many a man is making friends with death Even as I speak, for lack of love alone It well may be that in a difficult hour, 10 Pinned down by pain and moaning for release, Or nagged by want past resolution’s power, I might be driven to sell your love for peace, Or trade the memory of this night for food It well may be I do not think I would. Part I: Paraphrase the Poem. Love isn’t everything, it’s not food, beverages, sleep and it sure won’t act as a roof against the rain. Love cannot offer a sinking man in peril a life-saving â€Å"floating spar†. As he rises, he sinks, only to rise and sink again. Love cannot give the air we need to fill our â€Å"thickened lung†, it can not clean blood or heal broken bones. Yet for all the things love can’t do, a man without love is a man â€Å"making friends with death†. The lack of love alone in a difficult hour will pin you down by pain, whine for release or harass you by the power of past resolution’s. One might be driven to sell love for peace, trade their memories for a meal, but never give up love even if it was to release horrible pains or to get food to live. Part II: Scan the Poem. / = stressed syllable ^ = unstressed syllable = half-stressed syllable || = significant pause ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 1Love is not all: it is not meat nor drinkA ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 2Nor slumber nor a roof against the rain;B ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 3Nor yet a floating spar to men that sinkA ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 4And rise and sink and rise and sink again;B ^ / | ^ /| ^ /| ^ / | ^ / | 5Love can not fill thickened lung with breath,C ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 6Nor clean the blood, nor set the fractured bone;D ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ ^ / | 7Yet many a man is making friends with deathC ^ / | ^ / | / ^ | / ^ | ^ ^ / | 8Even as I speak, for lack of love aloneD ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / |^ / | || 9It well may be that in a difficult hour,E ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 10Pinned down by pain and moaning for release,F ^ / | ^ / | ^ /| ^ / | ^ /| || 11Or nagged by want past resolution’s power,E ^ / | ^ / | ^ ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 12I might be driven to sell your love for peace,F ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ ^ / | 13Or trade the memory of this night for foodG ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | ^ / | 14It well may be I do not think I would. G * Line 1-6 are composed with Iambic pentameters, which are ten syllables for each line in five Iambic pairs. * Line 7 is mostly Iambic with the last feet being Anapest. * Line 8 is the most complexe, the foot division are: Iamb, Iamb, Trochee, Trochee, Anapest. * Line 9-11 are composed with Iambic pentameters as well, line 9 and 11 both have a significant pause at the end. * Line 12 has 4 feet of Iamb and one feet of Anapest directly in the middle. * Line 13 has 4 feet of Iamb ended with a feet of Anapest. * Line 14 is a Iambic pentamerter. The Rhyme scheme is ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG. Part III: Write a Short Essay. Love is Not All, Or is It ? In Edna St. Vincent Millay’s sonnet â€Å"Love is Not All’, the speaker depicts that love isn’t the most important thing in life, but you would do anything for it. In the first half, Millay declares that love is useless and unsubstantial to life’s requirement. The second half of the sonnet successfully outshines the previous half because although she has shown that love isn’t needed to live, Millay makes it clear that life isn’t worth living without it. Furthermore, love is not something that will help you physically; however, it always goes back to the fact that it’s the most influential and overpowering thing over you. Millay elaborates on the aspect of love, love can’t do everything, love can’t save a life, nor be a shelter or a doctor. Each section of the sonnet reflects a human need: food, shelter, health and emotion. Love cannot fill our stomach with â€Å"meat† (1) nor can it hydrate us, as illustrated by â€Å"drink† (1). Also, love will not regenerate a worn out man from â€Å"slumber† (2) and sure won’t offer shelter or a â€Å"roof against the rain†(2). Millay effectively shows that love is worthless on a physical level: as love can’t offer a man in peril a life saving â€Å"floating spar† (3), offer the precious air our lungs need to breathe, heal our body from illness nor â€Å"clean the blood† (6) or fix the broken bones. Millay writes: â€Å"I might be driven to sell your love for peace / Or trade the memory of this night for food† (12-13), to produce a scenario in which she is forced to choose between love and life. The imagery you imagine reading this sonnet is very concrete, even spine-tingling at times; therefore, far from the sweet sentimental ones normally associated with love sonnets. Love, as described by Millay, seems almost as if it’s worth nothing. For all the things that love cannot do, the author insists that we still need love to live. Millay makes it evident when she writes: â€Å"Yet many a man is making friends with death / Even as I speak, for lack of love alone† (7-8), trying to give her readers the point of view that men can die without love. A lovelorn man is closer to death. Line eight really changes the direction of this sonnet because at first, Millay’s definition of love was worthless and now the reader notices that she starts restoring the significant importance of love. The next lines begin with â€Å"It well may be† (9), which introduces the reader to a hypothetical situation being â€Å"Pinned down by pain and moaning for release / Or nagged by want past resolution’s power† (10-11). These two lines influence how the reader portrays love because nothing is more important, then filling that hole in our heart when love is missing. At the end of the sonnet, Millay offers a plausible solution to fill her human needs as she â€Å"might be driven to sell your love for peace† (12) for it would release her from the horrible pains. She might â€Å"trade the memory of this night for food† (13) to feed her starving stomach. For all that love is, Millay reveals everything when she writes: â€Å"It well may be I do not think I would† (14) meaning that love is not all, but she would rather be dead than not have it. What exactly is love? It is the hardest emotion to control, one does not simply choose whom to love, it just happens. Love’s not something you can see or touch, but you are well aware when love touches you. Love is not all, it doesn’t answer to life’s requirements; however, love is indispensable to meet those requirements and live peacefully. While reading Edna St. Vincent Millay’s sonnet â€Å"Love is Not All† the reader realizes that love is so powerful and rewarding. In an attempt to bring agreement between love and life, Millay chooses love because life is nothing without love. Work Cited Edna St. Vincent Millay, â€Å"Love is Not All† (456)

Apa Research and Bibliography Activity Essay - 656 Words

APA Research and Bibliography Activity Part One: Assessing the RELIABILITY and Validity of Sources IN THE SPACE PROVIDED IN COLUMNS TWO AND THREE OF THE FOLLOWING MATRIX, PREPARE A 50-100-WORD EVALUATION OF BOTH THE RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF EACH OF THE SOURCES LISTED IN COLUMN ONE. |Source |Reliability |Validity | |Wikipedia |Wikipedia is not a reliable source. It is an online encyclopedia where that |It is not a validity source. The web site has no peer review and the information can | | |information can be added and†¦show more content†¦Not everyone is permitted to post |error free and will be sufficient to every reader preference. The site does include | | |and remove information from the website. |peer reviewed and scholarly journal and article. | |Arizona Department of |Arizona Department of Health Services Web Site is a reliable website. The |Arizona Department of Health Services Web Site is a valid website. The information | |Health Services Web Site |information are updated and checked for accuracy by the company. It is not |provided in the website is accurate and up to date as quickly as possible. The web | | |scholarly article but a government base page to help people fill out the |site is not a bias source. It displays direct information needed for a viewer to | | |necessary paper work needed for the health. 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